This research aims to analyze how the legal system in Indonesia regulates and applies criminal liability to individuals diagnosed with mental disorders who commit crimes. The main focus of this study is how Article 44 of the Indonesian Penal Code (KUHP) is utilized in the judicial process and the role of psychiatric experts in determining the mental condition of the accused and its impact on legal decisions. The research method employed is normative juridical, with a legal analysis approach to relevant legislation, jurisprudence, and legal doctrines. Additionally, this study analyzes several real cases in Indonesia and international jurisprudence related to the application of law to individuals with mental disorders. The research findings indicate that Article 44 of the Penal Code provides a legal basis for exempting criminal liability for defendants who are proven to have mental disorders. However, its application often relies on accurate and comprehensive psychiatric evaluations. Courts also face challenges in balancing the protection of the rights of individuals with mental disorders and the broader public interest. This study concludes that clearer policies and more standardized procedures are needed in handling cases involving defendants with mental disorders to ensure that justice is upheld fairly and equitably. Furthermore, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement and the judicial system in understanding and addressing mental health issues is essential to reduce the potential for errors in legal judgments.
Keywords: Criminal Liability, Mental Disorders, Article 44 of the Penal Code, Juridical, Criminal Law