ABSTRACT
The agricultural sector in East Java faces challenges such as limited capital, declining productive labor, and narrow land holdings, which directly affect farmers’ income. Ponorogo Regency, particularly Suru Village in Sooko District, reflects this condition. This study aims to examine the influence of capital, labor, and land area on farmers’ income. The research employed a quantitative approach. Data were collected through questionnaires from 180 respondents, who are farmers in Suru Village, and analyzed using validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing (t-test, F-test, R², and correlation test R) with the help of SPSS 25. The results show that capital and labor have a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income, while land area has no significant effect. Simultaneously, the three variables significantly affect income, explaining 59.8% of its variation. These findings highlight that adequate capital, sufficient labor, and optimal land management are crucial to improving farmers’ income in Suru Village.
Keywords: capital, labor, land area, farmers’ income