Parenting Patterns for Developing Early Childhood Multiple Intelligences: A Study of Phenomenology in Indonesia

Abstract The potential of multiple intelligences of early childhood possessed from birth will be able to develop optimally when they get the right parenting patterns from their parents. Unfortunately, there are still many parents, especially in Java who do not understand it, so parenting tends to be careless. On the other hand, related research is still very limited. This research aimed to explore parenting patterns by parents in developing multiple intelligences in early childhood. This research used qualitative methods with a phenomelogical approach to uncover this phenomenon. Data collection was carried out by in-depth and open interviews with three parents who have early childhood with excellence and achievements in the field of multiple intelligences. Data analysis used a phenomenological qualitative analysis. This research indicates that there are three main themes of parenting patterns, namely: 1) identification of children's interests and talents: done by parents intensively by observing activities that are preferred and become children's excellence intensively; 2) the demandingness and responsiveness of parents in developing children's multiple intelligences: Parents' high demandingness and responsiveness can develop early childhood multiple intelligences; and 3) the development and stimulation of multiple intelligences: parents stimulate the children's multiple intelligences talents by having children take a course and various competition activities that are appropriate to their abilities. In short, our research shows that balanced demands and responses from parents are required so that the multiple intelligences can develop optimally so that they will be able to make the expected abilities and achievements.