ABSTRAK

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PREECLAMPSIA AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES (LBW) AT THE MUHAMMADIYAH GENERAL HOSPITAL IN PONOROGO

By : Safira Diyah Sapitri
Preeclampsia is one of the major causes of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, which significantly increases the risk of Low Birth Weight (LBW) in newborns. LBW contributes substantially to neonatal death and long-term complications.This study aimed to determine the relationship between preeclampsia and the incidence of LBW at Muhammadiyah General Hospital Ponorogo.

This study used a correlational design with a cross-sectional approach. Samples were taken from the medical records of mothers giving birth with and without preeclampsia during January–February 2023. Data analysis used the chi-square test to determine the relationship between variables.

This study showed that of the 180 respondents, the majority of mothers giving birth were of healthy reproductive age (20–35 years), totaling 146 (81.1%). Of these, 151 respondents (83.9%) had preeclampsia, while 29 respondents (16.1%) did not. Regarding infant outcomes, 36 (20%) were low birth weight (LBW), and 143 (80%) were born with normal birth weight. The chi-square test analysis yielded a p-value of 0.015 (p < 0.05). This indicates a significant association between preeclampsia and low birth weight at Muhammadiyah General Hospital in Ponorogo.

There is a statistically significant association between preeclampsia and low birth weight (LBW). Mothers with preeclampsia have a higher risk of delivering low birth weight babies than mothers without preeclampsia due to impaired blood flow to the placenta, which inhibits fetal growth. Early detection and appropriate pregnancy management are essential to prevent this complication..

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Low Birth Weight, pregnancy, maternal health, complications.