Design and Implementation of a Driver Drowsiness and Fatigue Detection System Using Biometric Sensors
Rizka Yuliana, Ghulam Asrofi Buntoro, Rhesma Intan Vidyastari | Electrical Engineering Study Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo | e-mail: rizkayuliana396@gmail.com
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ABSTRACT
Drowsiness and fatigue while driving are factors that can reduce a driver's concentration and alertness, thereby increasing the risk of traffic accidents. These conditions often occur during long-duration trips and at times when drowsiness is most likely to set in. Therefore, a device is needed to help detect the driver's condition based on heart rate changes. This research develops a driver drowsiness and fatigue detection system using biometric sensors—specifically a Pulse Heart Rate Sensor—along with an Arduino Uno as the controller, a 1.3-inch OLED display, a TTP223 touch sensor as a switch, and a vibration motor for alerts. The system aims to monitor the driver's condition based on heart rate values (Beats Per Minute or BPM) and issue a warning when the driver shows signs of drowsiness. Test results demonstrate that the system can read heart rate values and categorize them based on specific parameters: less than 60 BPM indicates a "Drowsy" state, 60–100 BPM indicates a "Normal" state, and over 100 BPM indicates an "Alert" state. Testing yielded readings of 84 BPM (Normal); 104 BPM, 105 BPM, and 104 BPM (Alert); and 58 BPM (Drowsy). The vibration motor also responded appropriately to the detected conditions. Thus, the designed system can provide information on the driver's condition and issue vibration-based warnings when the heart rate falls within the predefined ranges.

Keywords: Biometric, BPM, drowsiness_detection, Pulse_Sensor, Vibration_motor.