The circulation and abuse of narcotics within correctional institutions are issues that can hinder the achievement of the objectives of inmate rehabilitation. This study aims to analyze the role of the Security Unit of Class I Madiun Correctional Institution in combating narcotics-related crimes based on Law No. 22 of 2022 on Corrections, as well as to identify the factors that hinder its implementation and the efforts undertaken to address them. This study employs an empirical legal research method with a descriptive-analytical qualitative approach. Data were obtained through interviews, observations, and literature review, and were then systematically analyzed to describe the implementation of security duties in practice. The results show that the Security Unit has carried out its duties through the inspection of visitors and their belongings, supervision of inmates, searches of residential rooms, and routine raids to prevent the entry and circulation of narcotics within the correctional institution. However, its implementation still faces several obstacles, including limited personnel, security facilities and infrastructure, and available funding. To overcome these obstacles, efforts have been made to strengthen supervision, optimize security facilities, improve coordination among personnel, and enhance staff professionalism. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the Security Unit plays an important role in maintaining security and preventing the circulation of narcotics within the correctional institution. Strengthening human resources and security facilities is therefore necessary to improve the effectiveness of security duties.