ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP KEBERADAAN TAMBANG ILEGAL DI PONOROGO DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2020 TENTANG PERTAMBANGAN MINERAL DAN BATUBARA

The widespread occurrence of unlicensed mining activities, particularly in the non-metallic mineral and rock mining sector, commonly referred to as “Galian C,” in Ponorogo Regency has created multidimensional impacts in the legal, environmental, and socio-economic fields. This study aims to analyze the regulation, implementation, and law enforcement under Law No. 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining (Minerba Law) in relation to the existence of illegal mining activities in Ponorogo Regency. This study employs a normative legal research method through a statutory approach and an examination of relevant legal materials. The results show that although Law No. 3 of 2020 regulates licensing requirements, including IUP, IUPK, and SIPB, as well as strict sanctions, including the criminal penalties under Article 158 of up to five years of imprisonment and a fine of up to IDR 100 billion, along with administrative sanctions, the implementation and enforcement of the law in practice have not yet been optimal. Law enforcement continues to face several obstacles, including weak supervision, limited human resources and institutional capacity, low legal awareness, and the high economic dependence of local communities on illegal mining activities. Therefore, improvements are needed in supervision, strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officers, preventive legal education, and the development of alternative economic empowerment programs for communities surrounding mining areas.