Binti Rohani: The Effect of Problem-Based Learning Models on Analogy Reasoning Ability Using the Ruppert Framework. Thesis. Mathematics Education Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Ponorogo. Supervisor 1 Uki Suhendar, M.Pd., Supervisor 2 Drs. Jumadi, M.Pd.
This study is motivated by the importance of analogical reasoning skills in mathematics education as part of higher-order thinking skills that support conceptual understanding and problem-solving. However, in reality, many students still struggle to logically connect prior knowledge with new situations. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model on students' analogical reasoning ability, using the Ruppert framework as an indicator. This framework provides a systematic foundation for identifying and evaluating the analogical thinking processes demonstrated by students.
This study employs a quantitative approach with a experimental design, specifically a posttest-only control group design. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Sawoo during the second semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. The research subjects consisted of two classes selected through cluster random sampling: an experimental class that received the PBL treatment and a control class that used conventional learning. Research data were obtained from analogy reasoning ability test results and documentation of the learning process. The instrument used was a posttest based on analogical reasoning, analyzed according to the stages of Ruppert's framework. Data collection techniques included a posttest, with the collected data analyzed using normality, homogeneity, and t-tests to determine significant differences between the two groups.
The results of the study indicate that there is an effect of the application of the PBL learning model on students' analogical reasoning ability. Based on the t-test conducted, namely the independent sample t-test, the result obtained was a sig value (2-tailed) of 0,016 < 0,05, which means that H_0was rejected. The conclusion of this study is that the PBL model has an effect on students' analogical reasoning ability.
Keywords: Problem-Based Learning Model, analogical reasoning ability.