Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by elevated
blood glucose levels due to impaired insulin secretion or action. Unstable blood
glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus can lead to hyperglycemia or
hypoglycemia and increase the risk of complications if not managed appropriately.
The purpose of this case study is to provide nursing care for a patient with diabetes
mellitus who presented with unstable blood glucose levels.
The method used was a case study with a nursing process approach,
including assessment, diagnosis, intervention, implementation, and evaluation.
Nursing care was provided at Muhammadiyah Ponorogo General Hospital from
May 8 to 11, 2026, on one patient with diabetes mellitus. The assessment revealed
hyperglycemia, characterized by elevated blood glucose levels, fatigue, increased
thirst, and a dry mouth. The established nursing diagnosis was unstable blood
glucose levels associated with insulin resistance. Nursing interventions included
blood glucose monitoring, fluid intake and output monitoring, intravenous fluid
administration, diet and activity education, and collaborative insulin
administration. Implementation was carried out over four days according to the
planned interventions.
The evaluation results showed improvement in the patient's condition,
marked by a decrease in hyperglycemia symptoms starting on the second day, a
decrease in thirst and dry mouth on the third day, and better controlled blood
glucose levels on the fourth day. Thus, the nursing care provided was able to help
stabilize blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.