ANALISIS TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM PLATFORM DIGITAL TERHADAP TINDAKAN FAKE REVIEW DAN FAKE BUYER SEBAGAI BENTUK TINDAK PIDANA CYBER FRAUD

The advancement of digital technology has brought significant changes to consumer transaction patterns, particularly through the use of digital platforms in electronic commerce. E-commerce platforms provide convenience for consumers and business operators to conduct transactions quickly, efficiently, and without geographical limitations. However, alongside these developments, various dishonest practices have emerged, one of which involves the deliberate use of fake reviews and fake buyers to manipulate product ratings, artificially enhance store reputations, and influence consumer purchasing decisions. These practices have the potential to mislead consumers, disadvantage businesses that operate in good faith, and undermine public trust in the digital commerce system. This study aims to analyze the legal liability of digital platforms for fake review and fake buyer practices as forms of cyber fraud. The analysis focuses on the extent of the legal obligations of electronic system operators to prevent, monitor, and take action against such manipulative practices. The legal framework includes Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, as amended by Law Number 1 of 2024, and Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions. This study employs a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches to examine the applicable legal norms and the concept of legal liability in the digital environment. The findings indicate that digital platforms cannot be regarded merely as passive parties or technological intermediaries. They bear both preventive and repressive legal responsibilities in addressing fake review and fake buyer practices. Preventive responsibilities include providing secure, transparent, and reliable systems, implementing user verification mechanisms, monitoring transaction activities, and establishing internal policies prohibiting fake content. Meanwhile, repressive responsibilities involve taking action against violations, such as removing fake reviews, suspending accounts, and cooperating with law enforcement authorities when indications of criminal offenses are identified.

Although primary liability for unlawful acts remains with those engaging in fake review and fake buyer practices, the active role of digital platforms is essential to preventing and combating cybercrime in electronic commerce. Therefore, strengthening the legal liability of digital platforms is necessary to protect consumers, promote fair business competition, and build public trust in Indonesia's e-commerce ecosystem.

Based on the research findings, fake review and fake buyer practices in electronic transactions may be classified as cyber fraud because they mislead consumers and cause losses to business operators. Digital platforms do not merely serve as technological intermediaries but also bear legal responsibilities to prevent and address such practices by providing secure systems and effective monitoring mechanisms in accordance with the provisions of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law. Although primary liability rests with the perpetrators, the active involvement of digital platforms remains essential to protecting consumers and maintaining fairness and trust in electronic transactions.